Page 4.

Shawano coterminous with Algonquin Domain

YUCHIS, whom De Soto, Oglethorpe, et al. encountered on the Savannah--a name derived from Shawano, as also the Shawnee Savannah River of South Carolina--spoke an Irano/Scythian/Sogdian tongue, yet, as Mahan demonstrated, played a key role in the Shawano Confederation coterminus with the Algonquin domain--12 nations in four divisions but one people, Sun-King Brown Jr. told Mahan.

Le Page du Pratz, who lived among Louisiana Natchez in the early 18th century, learned they claimed the identical empire, ruled by 500-800 despotic sachems called suns under the Great Sun at Natchez. When a sun died, 12 strangled relatives and retainers accompanied him to eternal happiness. At predynastic Nubet & Nekhen in Upper Egypt such a custom existed, though un-Egyptian thereafter. It obtained in other cultures--Ur, An-yang, early-A.D. Nubian Nile, Maritime Archaic at Vaebek, also Carthaginian-influenced Burrows Cave, where Natchez analogy suggests the 12 crypts in addition to sun-king tomb contain, not skeletons of successors but sacrificed family and retainers. One of the three opened crypts contained a woman and two children murdered.

Natchez skeletal measurements bear out Mahan's suspicion that Natchez fled the Ohio Valley from Iroquois--recentness accounting for their stunted platform pyramid. When the Natchez sacred fire went out it could only be relit from Tunicas' on the Yazoo at Vicksburg, Miss. (later on the Red in central La.), and the Tunicas' only from Yuchis' in South Georgia.

Yuchis joined Shawnees at first arrival on the American mainland--Brown Jr. surmised the cape of Florida. Shawnees believed they themselves originated in Tennessee where De Soto and Jesuits found them. Delawares claimed Shawnees once dwelt with them. Shawnees certainly migrated to South Carolina before reaching Tennessee, and dealt with William Penn in Pennsylvania 1682. Their Algonquin dialect is closest to that of far-separated Sac & Fox. Fox evokes the Aleutians, Sac (Shaka = Bear) related Yuchis associated with several Canadian tribes who figured in the 1233 Athapaskan flight from the Amur, which connected with the Silk Road that Yuchis once controlled. Certain Yuchis had dwelt at oases in the Southern Tarim Basin of Central Asia with Half-Moon cousin Uighur-Turks, whom they resemble. Shakas had a long association/identification with Yuchis. Shaka and Kushan Eras of India exactly coincide if not one and the same. Korean Yuchis, Tlagga Silla--Sogdian/Tocharian/North-Tibetan "Great Moon People" (Great Yuchi)--have dwelt at Ft. Yukon from the early 13th century. Ethel elucidated this as well as Yukon, which is NW Tibetan for the second Jade Gate of China.

Shawnee signifies Little Sha, i.e. Snake/Eagle People. Shawano: Sha People. French explorers/fur-traders called Cheyenne Chaa (pronounced "Sha-a"); Sioux called them Shaheliya. Mahan perceived the Shawano confederation cemented by the Great Medicine Society, which Sun-King Samuel Brown Sr. found the same as the Masonic Order, Four Roads and all.

Forgetting their Buddhism, Yuchis also forgot their Kushan Empire, which the Shawano Confederation resembled. John Johnston, Ohio Indian agent in the early 19th century, said no tribe but Shawnees remembered an ocean crossing, annually celebrating safe arrival, unable to say whence or when. Colonists did not distinguish Shawnee from Shawano. Pere Jacques Marquette and other 17th-century French Jesuits referred to Chaouanon (pronounced "Shawano" with nasal ending) in the Ohio Valley and on the Savannah and Cumberland. Shawnees spoke Algonquin. Yuchis, whose miccos resided among all Shawano tribes, spoke their Asian language among themselves but also Shawnee (as well as Muskogean languages after Mississippian incursion), but Shawano ritual language was yet another, different, called Red Man. Shawnees must have picked up their ocean-crossing tradition from Yuchis, since other Algonquins had no such, but Yuchis their Egyptian/Aegean affinity and Red Man from Shawnees.

European Atlantic hybridizing

WE CAN ACCOUNT for Norse and Gaelic in Algonquin better than Egyptian, which ought to have preceded. Maritime Archaic contact with Scandinavia may have fallen too early for continuity with Algonquin speech. Even copper trade and Norwegian pottery across New York may have. Vinland Vikings of the sagas pose a likelier source. Anthropologist Thomas Lee uncovered an 83' longhouse ruin on Pamiok Island in Ungava Bay (farther north than Maritime Archaic settlement) 1970-72, where fire-pit charcoal carbondated 1050 A.D. Algonquins could have picked up Norse from Norse-replete Iroquois when Iroquois tribes wedged New York out of the Algonquin domain.

King Woden-lithi of Ringerike, Norway (rike = kingdom) memorialized a visit to Peterborough, Ont. in a sprawling ogam-&-Tifinag inscription which Fell took on 1982. A diagram showing the sun at vernal equinox between Taurus (represented as an elk) and Aries (as a bear) would make it appropriate for 1700 B.C. Other evidence converges rather to a medieval date, but a 2nd-millennium-B.C. Norse visit accords with copper plunder.

Many inscriptions in America are bi- or trilingual, as along the Arkansas system. Marine-biologist Troy Dorris discovered an Irish-merchant station on the Cimarron at Coyle, Okla. which dealt in buffalo horns for Ireland. Monasticism, coupled with bubonic plague, motivated other Irish ventures, which were multi-national. Gallic, Northumberland, and North-European students from as far as the Elbe attended monastic universities in Ireland which, uninterrupted by Barbarian invasions into the Roman Empire, still taught Greek.

Anglo-Saxon students on such monastic voyages may best explain the monumental Heavener Runestone in a miniature dell of Poteau Mt., SE Okla., along the Arkansas system. It displays an 8-character word in the pre-Viking 24-rune futhark, including an aesc, whereby reading GNOMEDAEL (Gnome Dell) instead of Norse GNOMEDAL (Gnome Valley or Glome's Valley). The N & O forms were obsolete in Britain by 600 A.D. An engraved name at Byfield, Mass. also utilized 200-600-A.D. N & O runes of the Heavener Stone. Gloria Farley (without countenancing an early-medieval date or Anglo-Saxon dael) thought the same hand might have carved both stones.

Irish preceded saga Vikings to Greenland and Vinland. An engineer, Capt. Arlington Mallery, recovered (1951) the location of Vitramannaland (White Man's Land), later known as Irland Mikla (Great Ireland), Hibernia Major (Great Ireland), and Albania (White Man's Land) immediately south of the St. Lawrence, specified 1568 by an Icelandic priest, Erkland Thordsen, opposite Vinland the Good = Newfoundland. Much in New England recalls monastic ruins on Skellig Island off the Kerry coast, and also ruins in Portugal.

Brendan, who founded Clonfort Monastery, Galway, made voyages to Wales, Brittany, and the Hesperides before attempting an ocean crossing by the arctic route from Dingle Peninsula, Kerry. His 565-73 second attempt, in a sea-worthier boat, took him past icebergs to coral seas. His party, he said, hiked inland till they came to a river too wide to cross. In one medieval manuscript of his Navigatio he said that, though thinking himself the first discoverer, wherever he went he could converse in his own language. Mediterranean creolization

FELL'S 1991 IDENTIFICATION of unclassified Gulf-of-Mexico languages Tunica, Koa, and Atakapa as basically Egyptian bore out a onetime union of Gulf tribes with the Algonquin domain. A Muskogean thrust from the Mississippi to Appalachia cut these tribes off. Appalachee itself is a Florida-Muskogean language related to Creek. (Muskogee: Confederation of Man/Earth). Atakapa (Choctaw for cannibal) was spoken on the coast from Franklin Bay, La. to Galveston Bay, Tex. Extinct Mobilier, an apparent variant of Choctaw, displaced Algonquin as SE koine. James Crawford (1979) discovered Tunica and Atakapa cognates in Yuchi. Lew Ballard (1984) found a few additional among Gulf languages, e.g. Tunica lalahki, Choctaw salaklak, Koa salakla, etc.--each meaning "goose." Mary Haas (1978) added Natchez la-lak and listed Yana, Pomo, Nisenan, & Mutsun cognates in North and Central California, where Wintuns call themselves Noan-lak-ki. Yuchis call themselves Shalalawaeno (Goose People, waeno literally "alien beings," sun and moon descendants united)--sounding more Akkadian or Sanskrit than Egyptian, which had no l. (Egyptians would have pronounced the recumbant-lion hieroglyphic Greeks employed for l in Ptolemy and Kleopatra "rw"; Libya in Egyptian was Tchenyu). Cherokee shala for "duck" was aped in Egyptian, Egyptian "goose" shemen. Brown Jr. said Shawanogee was Red Man for Snake/Eagle/Earth People, gee meaning "earth." Greek Achaioi in Red Man would be Oc-gee-waeno "Sky/Earth People." The Muskogean confederation joined Shawano with its own ritual language, which had terms in common, like ko or co, "man." Muskogeans might have retained an Egyptian ritual language via Numidia/Carthage and Ptolemaic usage of Roman Mauretania, while Algonquin Shawano retained the Libyan and/or Carthaginian form of a millennium or half-millennium earlier.

THIS HARDLY VERIFIES Red Man as Delta (Red-Kingdom) Egyptian--what classical ritual Algonquin should be. (Upper Egypt was the White Kingdom). Red in Algonquin dialects is not Egyptian desher (written with a flamingo; added loaf, t with hill- or foreign-country determinative, makes it deshert). Red signified sun-blood and life-fire. Wabash Shawnees evidently did not yet hold Red Man secret July 1819 when Agent Johnston at Piqua, O. reported the chief's difficulty speaking it.

Brown Jr. thought it Shumerian because old. "O Inanna!" Yuchis chant, mindless of Inanna as a Shumerian goddess. Nanna was Algonquin for "mother" but Egyptian would have been mut. Via John Philip Cohane's The Key 1969 Mahan surmised Red Man a global primal tongue, though citing non-primal, non-Red-Man Yuchian compounds, e.g. Coshafa (Man-Snake-Place), the Yuchi Savannah capital. Bronze Akkadian superseded as easier, and courts employed it across many boundaries--less than globally. Even Greek, Latin, Aramaic, Sanskrit, Prakrit, Pali, and Arabic did not get quite global during Iron antiquity and Middle Ages. Simplicity and universality come with modernity. When life was more primitive, language was more difficult--Shumerian, Old Hittite, Old Chinese, Old Norse, Old English dauntingly. Algonquin presents a post-primitive stage but dismaying declensions.

Ancient (vocalizable) pictorial symbols are another matter. Geese on the ashes-urn relief of Kushan Emperor Kanishka I at Peshawar told Mahan: Goose People, and Kanishka sculpted standing between sun and moon: union of Sun-People and Moon-People. (Kanishka: Peacock's-Eye/Man/Spirit; ishka is also "frankincense.") Musicologist Kate Mahan detected that even chant intervals at the Green Corn Festival in Pakistan tallied with the same festival in Kelleyville, Okla., which duplicates the Festival of Booths described in Leviticus and prevailed also among Muskogean and Iroquois tribes. Egyptian is constructed of syllable-words like Yuchian (or Luvian Minoan, Chinese, Tibetan, etc.), and Algonquin retains the formal, empirical terseness of Egyptian.

ALTHOUGH EGYPTIAN IN ALGONQUIN as spoken in Neolithic circumstances persuaded Fell of a massive Egyptian migration from the Nile Delta through the Mediterranean to Canada and New England in the Neolithic--or Bronze at latest, his uncanny intuition here failed him. In whatever Iron-Age century Egyptian reached Algonquins they were already living Neolithically. Most of the crews and/or refugee passengers of whatever nationality who reached New York, New England, Ontario, and/or Newfoundland lived at a Neolithic level, whether desperately impoverished Greek islanders (long under Egyptian rule), pirates of Cyprus (long under Egyptian rule), Carthaginian subjects, allies, or slaves--including half-civilized Spaniards and befeathered bowmen of Libya, Numidia, Gaetulia, & Mauretania--most of them practicing the Egyptian religion of Carthage, whose Vatican was Siwa Oasis in the Libyan Desert of extreme West Egypt. The chief Carthaginian and Phoenician god, Ba'al Hammon, was Lord Amon, sun-god of Egypt as conceived in Thebes, mother-city of Siwa (which is a Libyan word; in antiquity the oasis-city was known as Ammon, inhabitants Ammonites). Ogam BL inscribed ubiquitously would vocalize Punic "Ba'al"; Egyptian b'l is "Ba'al."

LIKE EGYPT, which employed Phoenicians, Cypriots, Greeks, and Libyans for seafaring, Carthage relied mainly on other nationalities for its. Neither Egyptians nor Carthaginians except for a few officers would have carried ritual Egyptian (mixed with Greek and Libyan) to America.

Strabo and Pliny misattributed the founding of Gades (Cadiz) on the Atlantic coast to Phoenicians before 1100 B.C., when Mycenaean IIIC losers of the Trojan War, consolidated on Cyprus, controlled sea-lanes west, blocking Phoenicians. Plutarch or his friend Sylla of Roman Carthage may similarly have misattributed a Carthaginian colony in Algonquin country to Greeks, in a unique dialogue, On the Face that Appears in the Orbit of the Moon. Sylla learned his story from a stranger at Carthage who had just returned from Kronos (Roman Saturn) Island--five days' sail west of Ogygia, which lay five days' west of Britain by an arctic route whereon the sun disappeared near an hour for 30 days--where he heard mariners tell of a continent Epiros beyond, which embraced a gulf as large as the Sea of Azov at the latitude of the Caspian (which does sound like the Gulf of St. Lawrence). Sylla said this stranger informant had extracted parchments at Carthage secreted at the Roman destruction 146 B.C. Plutarch does not say these were the stranger's source, but why otherwise mention? Such details betray a Carthaginian nationality of the alleged colony. Johannes Kepler took Ogygia as Iceland, Kronos Is. Greenland, Epiros America. Fell also took literally what Sylla himself called a "myth" and the colony Greek. "Plutarch's Greeks," he repeated as fact.

One or more Carthaginian Hannos engraved steles at Sherbrooke, Quebec; Tihosuco, Yucatan; Hawley, Pa.; & Comassakumkanit (MS-AKM-KNI, "Ocean-Cape-Bay"), Cape Cod Bay, Mass. Fell translated the last [1975, '76] Punic in Iberic: "Proclamation of annexation. Do not deface. Hanno hereby takes possession."